Does Glass "flow"?

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Does Glass "Flow"?

Ever hear the rumor that glass is a "supercooled liquid" that flows over time?I've heard it for years. It has been said that the uneven glass in old windows "flowed" over centuries to look uneven. I've even heard it about fiber that has only been made twenty years ago.

The rumor surfaced on a mail list I monitor recently, so I tried to track it down. Below are articles that debunk this rumor! At the flow rate of glass (well it does flow, but very slowly), the glass in old windows would need longer than the age of the universe to flow that much! (And I suspect the "Big Bang" would break quite a few of those windows!)

Science News magazine. This is a great, readable article that tells the story well!
http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc98/5_30_98/fob3.htm

And this article was posted on the SCTE Mailing List in June, 1999:
Economist - Science And Technology Non-dribbling glasses
EVEN so rational a subject as science has its myths. And like the more traditional sort, scientific myths are often used to illustrate a general truth. One myth which weaves its way from textbook to textbook is that the reason the glass in old windows (especially medieval church windows) is thicker at the bottom than at the top is because glass, despite its apparent solidity, is actually a liquid. Given enough time, therefore, it will flow from the top of a window pane to the bottom, accumulating there as a perceptible bulge.
In the abstruse world of physics, glass is indeed classified as a liquid (albeit a supercooled and therefore not very mobile one). The myth of the ancient window pane has therefore been thought of as a good way to show students that the everyday meaning of the word "liquid" is not completely subverted by thinking of glass as a liquid too.
Putting the myth to the test, several researchers have recently made a stab at calculating how fast glass actually flows. Unfortunately for the textbooks, the latest estimate, made by Yvonne Stokes of the University of Adelaide, and which will be reported in the Proceedings of the Royal Society next month, is that it would take over 10 million years for a window pane to flow perceptibly.
Dr Stokes's calculations, which use the equations of fluid dynamics, also show that a thickening at the bottom of a pane of glass would not result in a thinning at its top, as might naively be expected. Rather, the flow of glass would cause a reduction in the overall height of the pane. Even a 5% thickening at the bottom of a window a metre high would result in a shrinkage of the window's height by about a centimetre. In other words, if the original myth were correct, old windows would have gaping holes in them.
That does, however, leave the question of what the real reason is that the glass in old windows tends to be thicker at the bottom than at the top. Perhaps it is just that medieval glaziers preferred it that way.

Here is another more recent scientific report from Penn State about Westminister Abbey that indicates the time scale would be billions of years.



Photos Of Older Glass
In October, 2006, we (JH) visited the Henry Wadsworth Longfellow House in Cambridge, MA, which was built in the 1740s. Here the glass shows typical circular unevenness from having been blown as a globe, flattened to a disk and cut to shape. The glass is even obviously thicker and more uneven at the bottom!


Note the second pane down on the left with the circular variations in thickness and the uneven reflections from other panes.


Here the panes are quite uneven, as shown by the distortions.


Now look how the bottom of the pane has lots of distortion, but the rest is fairly clear. Can you see how the rumors of glass flowing to the bottom of the pane got started?

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